The DRY (Don`t Repeat Yourself) principle is a software design principle that states that every piece of knowledge in a system should have a single, unambiguous representation. The DRY principle is based on the idea that duplication of code, data, or knowledge results in increased complexity and decreased maintainability of the system.

The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) is a software design principle that states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but rather both should depend on abstractions. This means that the design of a software system should aim to minimize the coupling between different parts of the system, and to maximize the use of abstractions.

The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) is a fundamental principle of software design that states that a class or module should have only one reason to change. This means that each class or module should have a single, well-defined responsibility, and that responsibility should be encapsulated by the class or module.

The principle of high cohesion refers to the idea of designing components or modules in a system such that each component or module performs a single, well-defined task and is tightly focused on that task. High cohesion means that all the elements inside a component or module are highly related to each other and work together to achieve a common goal.

The principle of loose coupling refers to the idea of designing components or modules in a system such that they have minimal dependencies on each other. The goal of loose coupling is to make the system more flexible, scalable, and maintainable by reducing the impact of changes made in one part of the system on the rest of the system.

Encapsulation is a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming and software design. It refers to the idea of wrapping data and behavior within a single unit, called an object, in order to hide implementation details and protect the internal state of the object from external modification.

Abstraction is a design principle that emphasizes the creation of abstract representations of complex systems or objects, by hiding their underlying details and exposing only the relevant aspects. The goal of abstraction is to simplify complex systems, making them easier to understand and use.

Modularity is a design principle that emphasizes the separation of a software system into independent, self-contained components, known as modules. The goal of modular design is to make the system easier to understand, maintain, and evolve over time.

The Separation of Concerns (SoC) principle is a software design principle that states that a software system should be decomposed into distinct and independent components, each of which is responsible for a specific and well-defined aspect of the overall system`s behavior.

Software architecture refers to the high-level structure of a software system, the discipline of creating such structures, and the documentation of these structures. It`s the blueprint for the software system, providing a solid foundation on which software can be built. It needs to be designed well in order to sustain the system`s growth and make sure that future changes can be accommodated without massive rework.

CAP theorem is a concept in distributed computing that states that it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously provide all three of the following guarantees: consistency, availability and partition tolerance.

A distributed system is a network of computers that work together to achieve a common goal, as if they were a single system. The term "distributed" refers to the fact that resources, such as processing power, memory, and storage, are spread across multiple devices, rather than being located in a single, central location. In a distributed system, each device has its own local resources and runs its own instance of the operating system, and they communicate with each other over a network to coordinate their actions and share information.